After a school vision screening, you will get a report with numbers that may look like a secret code. Here is a parent-friendly decoder for the most important terms, starting with the single most critical number on the report.
在学校视力筛查后，你会得到一份报告，上面的数字看起来像密码。以下是对最关键术语的家长友好型解码，从报告上最重要的数字开始。
Hyperopic reserve — also called hyperopic defocus or plus lens reserve — measures how much farsightedness a child naturally has. Babies are born farsighted with about +2.00D to +3.00D of reserve. As the eyeball grows during childhood, this reserve decreases. The rate at which it decreases tells you how fast the eyeball is elongating [1].
远视储备——衡量一个孩子天生有多少远视。婴儿出生时约有 +2.00D 到 +3.00D 的储备。随着儿童期眼球的生长，这种储备减少。它减少的速度告诉你眼球拉长的速度 [1]。
Target values by age: Age 3: +2.00D to +3.00D. Age 6 (school entry): +1.00D to +1.50D. Age 8: +0.50D to +1.00D. Age 10: +0.25D to +0.75D. If the reserve drops below +0.50D at age 6, myopia is likely within 1-2 years. This is THE most important leading indicator for myopia — far more useful than visual acuity, which is a lagging indicator [2].
各年龄段目标值：3岁：+2.00D 到 +3.00D。6岁（入学）：+1.00D 到 +1.50D。8岁：+0.50D 到 +1.00D。10岁：+0.25D 到 +0.75D。如果储备在 6 岁时低于 +0.50D，近视可能在 1-2 年内出现。这是近视最重要的领先指标——远比视力有用，因为视力是滞后指标 [2]。
Many parents make the mistake of only looking at the visual acuity number (20/20 or 1.0). A child can have 20/20 vision and still be rapidly developing myopia. By the time visual acuity drops, the eyeball has already elongated significantly. Hyperopic reserve is the early warning system [1].
许多父母犯的错误是只看视力数字（20/20 或 1.0）。一个孩子可以有 20/20 的视力，但仍然在快速发展近视。当视力下降时，眼球已经显著拉长。远视储备是早期预警系统 [1]。
Axial length is the distance from the front to the back of the eyeball, measured in millimeters. It is the most direct physical measurement of myopia progression. Normal adult axial length is approximately 23.5 mm. Each 1 mm of elongation corresponds to roughly -2.50D to -3.00D of myopia [2].
眼轴长度是从眼球前部到后部的距离，以毫米为单位测量。这是近视进展最直接的物理测量。正常成年人眼轴长度约为 23.5 mm。每 1 mm 的拉长大致对应 -2.50D 到 -3.00D 的近视 [2]。
In a healthy child, axial length grows about 0.2-0.3 mm per year between ages 4 and 8. After age 8, the growth slows to about 0.1-0.15 mm per year. A child whose axial length grows 0.4 mm or more in a single year is at high risk for rapid myopia progression and should be evaluated for medical intervention [3].
在健康儿童中，4 到 8 岁之间眼轴长度每年增长约 0.2-0.3 mm。8 岁后，增长速度减缓到每年约 0.1-0.15 mm。一个每年眼轴长度增长 0.4 mm 或以上的儿童处于快速近视进展的高风险中，应评估是否需要医学干预 [3]。
Tracking axial length over time requires specialized equipment (an IOLMaster or Lenstar) that not all clinics have. However, any hospital-level ophthalmology department will have one. For children with myopic parents or already-detectable myopia, an axial length measurement every 6 months is the gold standard for monitoring progression [3].
随时间追踪眼轴长度需要专门的设备（IOLMaster 或 Lenstar），并非所有诊所都有。然而，任何医院级别的眼科都会有一台。对于有近视父母或已检测到近视的儿童，每 6 个月测量一次眼轴长度是监测进展的金标准 [3]。
Cylinder (CYL) measures astigmatism — an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens that causes blurred vision at all distances. It is measured in diopters (D). Up to 0.50D of cylinder is considered normal in children and often resolves as the eye develops. Cylinder between 0.75D and 1.50D requires monitoring. Above 1.50D at any age warrants optical correction to prevent amblyopia [1].
柱镜（CYL）测量散光——角膜或晶状体不规则曲率，导致所有距离的视力模糊。以屈光度（D）为单位。儿童高达 0.50D 的散光被认为是正常的，通常随着眼睛的发育而消失。0.75D 到 1.50D 之间的散光需要监测。任何年龄超过 1.50D 都需要光学矫正以防止弱视 [1]。
Visual acuity (VA) is the familiar 20/20 number — but it is a lagging indicator, not a leading one. A child can have 20/20 vision while their axial length is growing too fast. By the time VA drops to 20/30 or 20/40, significant structural change has already occurred. Always interpret VA in context with hyperopic reserve and axial length [1].
视力（VA）是熟悉的 20/20 数字——但它是一个滞后指标，而不是领先指标。一个孩子可以有 20/20 的视力，同时眼轴长度增长过快。当 VA 下降到 20/30 或 20/40 时，已经发生了显著的结构性变化。始终结合远视储备和眼轴长度来解释 VA [1]。
Important caveat: Vision screening at school is often done with auto-refractors that can produce unreliable results in children, especially younger ones who may not cooperate well. A screening result that flags a problem should always be confirmed by a comprehensive eye exam with dilation (cycloplegic refraction). Dilated exams prevent the eyes from accommodating (changing focus), giving a true reading of the refractive error.
重要提示：学校的视力筛查通常使用自动验光仪，可能在儿童中产生不可靠的结果，尤其是年龄较小的儿童可能不配合。标记问题的筛查结果应始终通过散瞳综合眼科检查来确认。散瞳检查阻止眼睛调节（改变焦点），给出屈光不正的真实读数。
Here is a simple decision tree for parents when the screening report arrives:
以下是筛查报告到达时家长的简单决策树：
Golden rule for parents: Do not wait for symptoms. Myopia develops silently. A child who never complains about their vision can still be losing hyperopic reserve rapidly. Screening at ages 3, 5, and 7 is the minimum recommended schedule. Track the numbers year over year and look at the trend, not just the single reading.
家长黄金法则：不要等待症状。近视悄然发展。一个从不抱怨视力的孩子仍可能在快速失去远视储备。3 岁、5 岁和 7 岁的筛查是最低推荐频率。逐年追踪数字并观察趋势，而不仅仅是单次读数。
StarPupil helps you track screen habits and build healthy visual routines for your child.StarPupil 帮助你追踪屏幕习惯并为孩子建立健康的视觉常规。